Antibiotics Used for UTI

Urgency, increased frequency and a burning sensation are all characteristic symptoms of a urinary tract infection (UTI). According to the Mayo Clinic, UTIs are caused by a bacterial invasion, with the bacteria typically entering your body via your urethra and moving up into your bladder where it multiplies. If left untreated, the infection can spread to your kidneys and become increasingly serious. Antibiotics are effective in treating the condition. Typically, UTIs are treated with amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, nitrofurantoin or sulfamethoxazole-timethoprim.

Amoxicillin

• Amoxicillin is part of a group of antibiotics called beta-lactams (which also includes cephalosporin and penicillin). Possible side effects include vaginal discharge, vaginal itching, nausea, headache, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, swollen tongue, black discoloration of the tongue and white patches inside your throat or mouth (thrush). Serious side effects include allergic reaction, fever, flu-like symptoms, body aches, chills, headache, skin problems, diminished urination, seizures, altered mental state, jaundice and bloody or watery diarrhea.

Ciprofloxacin

• Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) is part of a group of antibiotics called fluoroquinolones (also referred to as quinolones). This medication is useful in combating bacteria like Citrobacter freundii, Serratia marcescens, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcis saprophyticus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus epidermis and Enterobacter cloacae. Its side effects are similar to amoxicillin but also include joint problems, rapid heartbeat, dizziness, darkly-colored urine, seizures, depression and weakness.

Levofloxacin

• Levofloxacin (Levaquin) is also part of the fluoroquinolones family of medications. It is effective in treating complicated UTIs caused by bacteria like E. coli, Klebsiella pneumonie, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterococcus faecalis or Proteus mirabilis. Levofloxacin has been linked to an increased risk of problems with your tendons, particularly in patients older than 60. Common side effects include gas, dizziness, constipation, diarrhea, nausea and abdominal discomfort. There is a risk of severe side effects similar to amoxicillin and including nightmares, soreness, abnormal cough, bloody stools, insomnia, seizures, blistered skin, severe stomach pain, shortness of breath, irregular blood sugar levels, jaundice, liver problems, nerve problems and increased risk of suicidal thoughts/actions.

Nitrofurantoin

• Nitrofurantoin (Furadantin) is used to both treat as well as prevent UTIs. It works in your body by disrupting the bacteria's chemical processes; thus, killing the bacteria and preventing its spread. It should not be used if you have a history of liver problems, severe kidney disease, diminished or halted urination or if you are in the last few weeks of your pregnancy. Side effects are similar to amoxicillin and include rusty-colored urine, headache, blurry vision, pain behind your eyes and ringing in your ears.

Sulfamethoxazole-timethoprim

• Sulfamethoxazole-timethoprim (Bactrim) is a sulfa drug commonly used as a three day treatment. Common side effects include diminished appetite, vomiting and nausea. Severe side effects include allergic reactions, blistered skin, hallucinations, tarry stools, abdominal cramping and pain, vaginal irritation, jaundice, shortness of breath and severe or persistent headache and nausea.

Additional Options

• Other medications that may be used include tetracyclines (like doxycycline, minocycline or tetracycline). Aminoglycosides (like amikacin or gentamicin) are usually reserved for serious UTIs and must be given along with other antibiotics. Fosomycin (Monurol) is a single dose treatment that may be prescribed for pregnant women. Doripenem (Doribax) is a carbapenem antibiotic that is administered by injection and was approved by the FDA in 2007 to treat complicated UTIs.

Considerations

• If you suspect that you are suffering from a UTI, see your doctor as soon as possible. He will determine the correct medication for your individual circumstances and advise you of any additional information that you must know.