Urinary System Problems

The urinary tract is usually sterile, but occasionally infections occur. The urinary system is comprised of the kidneys, ureter, urethra and the bladder. If any of these organs and tissue are infected, urinary discomfort and problems are experienced by the patient. Infections are the most common cause for urinary problems and discomfort. If bacteria can enter the tract, antibiotics are necessary to help treat the infection.

Causes

• The most common cause of an infection is from the bacteria Escherichia coli. Escherichia coli is a part of the natural flora of the body. However, when the immune system is damaged or the patient is sexually active, these bacteria are able to move from the colon to the urinary tract. They cause two problems. If they are able to reach the bladder, a condition called cystitis is experienced. Urethritis can occur when the patient has bacteria that invade the urethra.

Symptoms

• Symptoms for urinary tract infections are not always apparent. Most people experience an increased urge and frequency of urination. Many patients have pain and burning when urinating. If the kidneys are infected, the patient may develop a fever and experience chills. A sign of kidney infection also includes pain in the lower back. Nausea and vomiting may also accompany a kidney infection.

Diagnosis

• Diagnosis for a urinary tract infection is painless. The doctor will perform a urinalysis. The patient is asked to urinate in a cup that is used in a laboratory. Most doctors have the equipment to test for an infection in the office, so there is no wait for results. The doctor checks the urine for existence of bacteria, which confirms the diagnosis of a urinary tract infection.

Treatment

• Treatment for infections is through the use of antibiotics. The strength of the antibiotics is determined by the state of infection. If the bacteria have reached the kidneys, the doctor may prescribe stronger antibiotics. Common antibiotics used in the treatment of urinary infections is amoxicillin, Levaquin, and Cipro. The infection symptoms clear up quickly, but patients are advised to take the full cycle of antibiotics to avoid possible resistance from the bacteria.

Prevention

• Women are more susceptible to infections than men, but both men and women should drink plenty of fluids. Women should avoid any kind of irritating feminine products. This includes powders and douches that irritate the urethra. Women are also urged to urinate after sexual intercourse and drink a full glass of water.