What are some causes urethritis?

1. Bacterial Infections

* Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) - Including chlamydia, gonorrhea, herpes, mycoplasma, and syphilis

* Urinary tract infections (UTIs) - Including E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2. Non-Bacterial Infections

* Viral Infections - Including adenovirus, cytomegalovirus, enterovirus, HIV, and mumps

* Fungal Infections - Including candidiasis

3. Non-Infectious Causes

* Trauma - Including injury to the urethra from catheterization, surgery, or accidents

* Chemical Irritation - Including exposure to spermicides, lubricants, or other chemicals

* Medications - Including chemotherapy drugs, radiation therapy, and certain medications (e.g., nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), tricyclic antidepressants, and phenytoin)

4. Autoimmune Disorders - Such as Reiter's syndrome, Behçet's disease, and Crohn's disease

5. Congenital Abnormalities - Including urethral stricture, hypospadias, and epispadias

6. Tumors - Including benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostate cancer, and urethral cancer