What is the reason for high urea in a neonate?
1. Prerenal azotemia:- occurs when there is inadequate perfusion to the kidneys, decreasing glomerular filtration rate.
- Causes:
- Severe dehydration
- Shock
- Renal artery stenosis
- Drugs (NSAIDs, ACE-I)
2. Renal azotemia:
- occurs when there is direct damage to the kidneys causing the tubules to have decreased ability to reabsorb solutes (like sodium and chloride), concentrating the urine.
- Causes:
- Acute tubular necrosis
- Renal cysts
- Obstructive uropathy
3. Postrenal azotemia:
- caused by obstruction of the flow of urine from the kidneys to the outside world, usually resulting in bilateral hydronephrosis.
- Causes:
- Posterior urethral valves
- Pyeloureteral junction (UPJ) obstruction
- Urethral atresia
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