What Parvovirus Is

Canine parvovirus, commonly known as parvo, is a highly contagious viral disease that affects dogs and other carnivores. It is characterized by severe gastrointestinal symptoms, such as vomiting, diarrhea, and dehydration, and can be fatal if left untreated.

Parvovirus is a small, non-enveloped, single-stranded DNA virus that belongs to the Parvoviridae family. It is highly resistant to environmental conditions and can survive in the environment for months or even years. The virus is spread through direct contact with infected dogs or their feces, or through contact with contaminated objects, such as food bowls, toys, or clothing.

Puppies and unvaccinated dogs are most susceptible to parvo, but any dog can become infected. The virus attacks the rapidly dividing cells in the body, including those in the gastrointestinal tract, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. This damage leads to the characteristic symptoms of parvo, including:

* Vomiting

* Diarrhea (often bloody)

* Dehydration

* Lethargy

* Loss of appetite

* Abdominal pain

* Fever

Parvo can be diagnosed with a simple blood test or a fecal test. Treatment typically involves supportive care, such as fluids, electrolytes, and anti-emetics, to help manage the symptoms and prevent dehydration. Antibiotics may also be prescribed to prevent or treat secondary bacterial infections.

Vaccination is the best way to protect dogs from parvo. Puppies should receive their first parvovirus vaccination at 6-8 weeks of age, followed by a series of booster vaccinations according to the veterinarian's recommendations. Adult dogs should also be vaccinated against parvo on a regular basis, typically every 3-4 years.

If you think your dog may have parvo, it is important to seek veterinary attention immediately. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve the chances of survival.