What happens after the virus has been taken up by cell?

Once the virus enters a suitable host cell, several events can occur within the cell:

Genome uncoating: The viral genome is encapsulated within a protective coat, which might be a protein coat (capsid) or a viral envelope. After entering the cell, the coat gets removed through uncoating, exposing the viral genome.

Replication: The viral genome replicates so that multiple copies of the viral genome are synthesized, using the host cell's replication machinery. The enzymes and factors needed for viral replication are typically encoded in the viral genome itself.

Transcription and translation: The replicated viral genome acts as a template for synthesizing viral RNA molecules, a process called transcription. These RNA molecules serve as either messenger RNAs (mRNAs) for translation into viral proteins or as templates for further replication of the viral genome. Translation of viral RNAs produces the various viral proteins required for various functions such as replication, assembly, and release of new viruses.

Assembly: Once produced, viral proteins can self-assemble or interact with the newly synthesized viral genomes to form complete, infectious virus particles. This process occurs at specific locations within the host cell called assembly sites or viral factories.

Release from the cell: To complete their life cycle, the newly assembled virus particles must be released from the infected cell so they can infect other cells. There are two main release mechanisms: (1) budding, where the newly assembled virus acquires an outer membrane as it buds out of the host cell's membrane; and (2) cell lysis, where the host cell breaks open (lyses), releasing the new virus particles into the extracellular environment.

Upon release from the cell, the newly produced viruses can initiate new rounds of infection by entering other susceptible cells, leading to further spread of the infection within the host organism or the transmission of the virus to new hosts.