How is CMV transmitted?

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a highly contagious virus that can be transmitted through various routes. Here are the primary modes of CMV transmission:

1. Direct Contact:

- Contact with infected bodily fluids such as saliva, urine, blood, semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk.

- Transmission can occur during activities like kissing, sharing food or drinks, or close physical contact with an infected person.

- CMV can be passed from an infected pregnant woman to her fetus during pregnancy or during childbirth.

2. Indirect Contact:

- Contact with surfaces or objects contaminated with CMV, such as toys, doorknobs, or medical instruments.

- The virus can survive on surfaces for several hours, and touching these surfaces and then transferring the virus to the face or mouth can lead to infection.

3. Blood Transfusions:

- CMV can be transmitted through blood transfusions or organ transplants if the donated blood or organ contains the virus.

4. Sexual Contact:

- CMV can be sexually transmitted through unprotected intercourse, both vaginal and anal.

It's important to note that people with healthy immune systems are usually able to fight off the CMV infection without experiencing symptoms. However, individuals with compromised immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, transplant recipients, or cancer patients, are more susceptible to developing severe CMV infections and associated complications.

Preventive measures include avoiding contact with bodily fluids of infected individuals, practicing safe sex, maintaining good hygiene, and taking precautions when handling blood or potentially contaminated objects. Vaccination against CMV is currently only recommended for certain high-risk groups.