How does a common cold virus affect the nose?

When a person is exposed to a common cold virus, usually one of many types of rhinovirus, the virus can replicate and spread through the cells in the nose and throat. The virus leads to inflammation and swelling in the nasal passages and sinuses, which produce mucus. The increased amount of mucus flowing through the nose can lead to a runny nose and congestion. In addition, the inflammation can cause the inner lining of the nose to become irritated, resulting in a sore throat, and sneezing.