How does an active(lytic) virus multiply?

An active (lytic) virus multiplies through a process known as the lytic cycle. This process involves the following steps:

1. Attachment: The virus attaches to specific receptor molecules on the surface of the host cell. The type of receptor and the specificity of the attachment depend on the virus.

2. Entry: Once attached, the virus enters the host cell. This can occur through various mechanisms, such as fusion with the cell membrane, endocytosis, or phagocytosis.

3. Replication: Inside the host cell, the viral genome replicates, using the host cell's machinery and resources. The viral genome may consist of DNA or RNA, and the replication process varies depending on the type of virus.

4. Assembly: After replication, the newly synthesized viral components, such as viral proteins and nucleic acids, assemble into complete viral particles. This process occurs within the host cell.

5. Release: Once assembled, the viral particles are released from the host cell. This release can occur through two primary mechanisms:

- Cell Lysis: In the lytic cycle, the release of viral particles is accompanied by the lysis (breaking) of the host cell. This results in the destruction of the host cell and the release of numerous viral particles into the extracellular environment.

- Budding: Some viruses, called enveloped viruses, acquire a lipid membrane as they exit the host cell. This process, known as budding, allows the virus to leave the cell without lysing it.

6. Infection of New Cells: The released viral particles can then go on to infect new host cells, repeating the lytic cycle and leading to further rounds of infection and cell destruction.

The lytic cycle results in the rapid multiplication of the virus and the destruction of host cells. This can lead to significant damage to the host organism and may cause symptoms of viral infections.