How can you make control cells in indirect anti-globulin test?

Control cells for indirect antiglobulin test (IAT) can be prepared using several methods:

Autologous Adsorption Method:

- Collect a blood sample from the patient and separate the serum.

- Suspend the patient's red blood cells (RBCs) in isotonic saline or buffer.

- Add a small volume of the patient's serum to the RBC suspension and mix gently.

- Incubate the mixture at room temperature or 37°C for a specified period (e.g., 15 minutes).

- Wash the RBCs thoroughly to remove non-specifically bound antibodies.

These washed RBCs, now coated with autologous antibodies if present, can be used as control cells for the indirect antiglobulin test. This method aims to reveal the presence of irregular autoantibodies that may cause antibody-mediated hemolysis or interfere with blood transfusions.

Normal Adult or Donor RBCs:

- Collect blood from a healthy adult donor with known blood type and serological history.

- Separate the serum and prepare a suspension of donor's RBCs in isotonic saline or buffer.

- The donor RBCs, assumed to lack irregular antibodies, can serve as control cells for the indirect antiglobulin test.

Group O RBCs:

- Group O red blood cells, which lack A and B antigens, can be used as control cells in the indirect antiglobulin test.

- Group O RBCs are less likely to react non-specifically with antibodies present in the patient's serum.

It's essential to follow standardized protocols and validate the control cells to ensure their accuracy and reliability when interpreting indirect antiglobulin test results.