Achilles Tendon Rupture Infection

The Achilles tendon lies directly between the heel bone and ankle. It is a tough band of fibrous tissue that aids in the movement of the surrounding joint. If the Achilles tendon ruptures, several complications may occur including, but not limited to, infection and immobility of the foot. Injuries involving the Achilles tendon should be treated immediately to avoid unnecessary discomfort.

Cause

• The Achilles tendon often ruptures due to trauma or impact. Blunt force may cause the Achilles tendon to weaken, fray, or in severe cases, snap. Ruptures may also occur gradually over time due to repetitive motion, such as running or cross-country skiing. As a result, individuals involved in sports, particularly high-contact sports, are at a higher risk of developing an Achilles tendon rupture.

Infection

• Infection of the Achilles tendon can occur both directly and indirectly. Direct infection occurs when the skin surrounding the Achilles tendon is broken. For example, trauma that causes the Achilles tendon to rupture may also break or cut the neighboring skin. Once broken, foreign agents like dirt or bacteria can enter the wound, resulting in infection
  Indirect infection occurs as a result of an existing infection elsewhere in the body. For example, according to Patient UK, individuals have developed Achilles tendon infections as a result of sexually transmitted diseases like gonorrhea.

Complications

• Injury and infections of the Achilles tendon are often associated with additional complications. Tendonitis and tenosynovitis are two such complications. Tendonitis is characterized by acute swelling of the tendon accompanied by pain and limited mobility. Tenosynovitis is characterized by swelling of the sheath surrounding a tendon, known as the synovium.

Prevention/Solution

• Because the Achilles tendon is an integral part of the foot, proper footwear is imperative to injury prevention. Shoes that fit properly should be worn whenever physical activities are performed, particularly activities that place a high amount of stress on the feet. Broken or punctured skin around the Achilles tendon should be cleaned promptly and monitored to ensure that infection does not develop.

Treatment

• If the Achilles tendon is completely ruptured and split, surgery is typically required to reattach the broken ends of the tendon. If a portion of the tissue surrounding the tendon or tendon sheath is infected, a doctor may choose to remove it during surgery. A cast is fitted post surgery to expedite the tendon's healing. Rest, combined with the application of ice or cold packs, can help reduce swelling caused by surgery or tendonitis. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen, can also be taken to reduce swelling and pain.