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What Are the Functions of the Serous Fluid Around the Heart?

Serous fluid is a layer of liquid surrounding the heart that has an important role in the protection and function of the heart. The fluid is formed by a serous membrane (a thin layer of tissue which forms a protective barrier) called the pericardium that provides a lining around the heart.

  1. Lubrication

    • Ideally, the heart is moving constantly to pump blood. Compare this movement to that of any mechanical pump and you can see what happens if it does not have something to lubricate the motion. Providing a frictionless environment is one of the functions of serous fluid. Without lubrication the heart cannot pump as often or as well.

    Protection

    • While the membrane called pericardium is the main layer of protection around the heart, serous fluid provides a thin backup layer of protection. Not only do they protect the heart from outside contaminants in case of injury or infection, but they also protect the heart from itself, by preventing the heart from overexpanding as blood volume increases and limits heart motion.

    Cushioning

    • The heart (as well as various other organs that have serous fluid, such as the lungs) is not so much "anchored" in the chest cavity as it is held there by serous membrane. The chest contains open cavities, and as such, there is space around the heart. The serous membrane provides anchoring and support while serous fluid has a cushioning effect. Think of taking a hard fall. If the heart were not attached to the chest cavity and cushioned, it would be in danger of constant internal injury.

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