The Effect of Tourniquets

The tourniquet is an emergency life saving device which is used to stabilize bleeding from severe limb trauma. Complications from tourniquet use may occur, but when these devices are used properly these complications are low.

Identification

• A tourniquet is used to stop life threatening bleeding through the use of a tight cloth or rubber band which applies extreme pressure to the affected area.

Effects on Blood Loss

• The pressure that a tourniquet supplies literally crushes the blood vessels---or the affected artery---and stops their ability to bleed, much like crushing a hose will stop or slow the water flow.

Effects on Arterial Pressure

• An increase in arterial pressure in the body due to the increased pressure on specific blood vessels or a specific artery may occur with tourniquet use; this type of effect is resolved once the tourniquet is removed and may pose a risk to a patient with extended time of tourniquet use.

Effects on Tissues and Nerves

• A tourniquet may cause bruising or crushing damage to tissues and nerves which are compressed when the tourniquet is applied. This type of damage is a risk of tourniquet use which may cause tissue necrosis or nerve death.

Considerations

• Despite the risks, tourniquets have the ability to save lives when used properly. An article posted on EMSResponder.com by Angelo Salvucci, MD, states that complications associated with tourniquet use are low in patients with severe limb trauma.