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Reactions to Pepper Spray

Pepper spray, also known as Oleoresin capsicum (OC) spray, is a popular non-lethal, self-defense weapon that when properly used, can be very effective in deterring an assailant. It is not, however, a perfect solution. Inadvertent exposure to the victim and other innocent people during an attack can make the situation worse. Understanding the effects of pepper spray will help you determine if it is the weapon of choice for you.

  1. Effects on the Eyes

    • When using pepper spray for self-defense, the eyes are the primary target. Pepper spray in the eyes causes severe burning pain and stinging. The eyes and surrounding tissues will also redden and swell. Severe tearing also occurs. Exposure also triggers the blink reflex, forcing the eyes to clamp shut, temporarily blinding the affected person.

    Effects on Mucous Membranes

    • When pepper spray comes in contact with mucous membranes, it triggers an extreme, copious, running discharge of the nose and mouth that can cause choking. Severe burning and irritation also occur.

    Effects on Skin

    • Upon exposure to pepper spray, the skin becomes irritated, red and inflamed. The exposed person will also experience a severe burning or itching sensation on any exposed skin that the spray comes in contact with.

    Respiratory Effects

    • Pepper spray also stimulates the cough reflex. It triggers constriction of the bronchial passages making breathing more difficult. Severe reactions can include laryngospasm and respiratory arrest.

    Psychological Effects

    • The physical effects of pepper spray exposure can bring on feelings of anxiety, fear and panic in the affected person. Anger and sometimes rage can also occur. The person may appear confused, wandering aimlessly, or may drop to the ground or begin seeking a means of relief, rather than continuing the attack.

    Antidotes

    • There is currently no effective way to neutralize the effects of pepper spray. Milk, baking soda paste and honey may help on exposed skin, but, because pepper spray is an oily substance, it will persist even after multiple washes. Washing exposed skin with alcohol may help to dissolve the oils in pepper spray and wash it off more easily. These treatments will only help to a certain degree.

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