What Causes Tetanus?

Tetanus is a condition caused by a bacteria called Clostridium tetani entering the body through a break in the skin. Although it exists worldwide, it is most common in poorer countries where child immunization is not required or enforced. In the U.S., tetanus immunization is required for children to start school. The U.S. averages 50 to 100 cases each year mainly found in adults who have not kept up their booster shots.

Significance

• Tetanus is very painful and works by attacking the nervous system. It causes uncontrollable muscle spasms.

Warning

• Bacteria spores, which live in dirt and rust, enter the body through any kind of scratch or open wound and produce a poison causing tetanus.

Geography

• Tetanus is a common condition all across the world. Its spores live in dirt, dust, rust and animal waste.

Prevention/Solution

• Tetanus can be prevented through immunization and wound care. Children can be immunized through a series of five Diphtheria, Tetanus and Pertussis (DTP) shots. Adults should receive tetanus boosters every ten years. If an injury occurs, which has the potential of causing tetanus, adults can immediately receive a Tetanus Immune Globulin (TIG) shot to stop the poison.

Effects

• A tetanus infection causes a variety of problems including muscle spasms, headaches and jaw cramping, also known as lockjaw. If left untreated the spasms will travel throughout all the body muscles, eventually causing seizures and death.