What Is a Mallory-Weiss Tear?

A Mallory-Weiss tear is a medical condition characterized by a tear or laceration in the lining of the esophagus, usually at or near the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) where the esophagus meets the stomach. It is commonly caused by forceful or prolonged vomiting, which can lead to increased pressure in the abdomen and force stomach contents back up into the esophagus, causing the tear. Mallory-Weiss tears are often associated with alcohol consumption, eating disorders, and certain medications that can cause irritation or inflammation of the esophageal lining. In some cases, Mallory-Weiss tears can lead to bleeding and subsequent complications such as anemia, hypotension (low blood pressure), and tarry stools (dark, sticky stools due to the presence of digested blood).

Symptoms of a Mallory-Weiss tear may include:

- Upper abdominal pain

- Nausea and vomiting (which may or may not be bloody)

- Difficulty swallowing

- Abdominal bloating

- Acid reflux or heartburn

- Feeling faint or lightheaded

Treatment for a Mallory-Weiss tear typically involves conservative measures such as:

- Resting the digestive system by avoiding solid foods for a period of time

- Intravenous fluids to prevent dehydration

- Medications to reduce stomach acid production and promote healing

- Blood transfusions in cases of severe bleeding

In most cases, Mallory-Weiss tears heal on their own within a few days to weeks. However, in some cases, more intensive treatments or surgical intervention may be required to control bleeding or repair the tear.

It is important to seek medical attention if you experience any symptoms suggestive of a Mallory-Weiss tear, especially if you have a history of alcohol abuse or eating disorders. Prompt diagnosis and management can help prevent serious complications and facilitate the healing process.