What happens when a person gets bruised?

When a person gets bruised, the skin and the tissues underneath are damaged, causing blood vessels to burst and leak blood into the surrounding area. This blood then accumulates and clots underneath the skin, forming the characteristic black and blue discoloration of a bruise.

The process of bruising, also known as contusion, involves the following steps:

1. Injury: An impact, blow, or collision causes damage to the skin and the underlying tissues.

2. Bleeding: The damaged blood vessels rupture, leading to bleeding within the tissues.

3. Clot Formation: Blood platelets, which are responsible for clotting, accumulate at the site of injury and start forming clots.

4. Swelling: The damaged tissues swell due to inflammation and the accumulation of fluid.

5. Discoloration: As the blood trapped beneath the skin undergoes chemical changes, it turns into different colors. The bruise initially appears red, then progresses to purple, blue, and eventually green or yellow as it heals.

6. Healing: Over time, the body reabsorbs the clotted blood, and the bruise gradually fades until the skin returns to its normal color.

Bruises typically heal within a few weeks, but the healing time may vary depending on the severity of the injury and the individual's overall health. Some bruises may take longer to heal or leave behind a residual skin discoloration.

It's worth noting that bruising can also occur due to certain medical conditions, such as blood clotting disorders or certain medications, which can cause people to bruise more easily. In such cases, consulting a healthcare professional is recommended to determine the underlying cause and receive proper treatment.