What can cause your cervix to dilate?

The cervix is the narrow, lower end of the uterus that opens into the vagina. It normally stays closed during pregnancy but begins to dilate (open) as labor begins. Dilation is measured in centimeters (cm), and the cervix needs to dilate to 10 cm before a baby can be born.

Several factors can cause the cervix to dilate, including:

1. Oxytocin: A hormone produced by the pituitary gland, oxytocin, stimulates the muscles of the uterus to contract. These contractions cause the cervix to dilate and the baby to move down the birth canal.

2. Prostaglandins: Hormones produced by the body during pregnancy and labor, prostaglandins, help to soften and ripen the cervix. This makes it easier for the cervix to dilate during labor.

3. Pressure from the Baby: As the baby descends into the pelvis during labor, pressure is applied to the cervix. This pressure helps to stretch and dilate the cervix.

4. Artificial Methods: In some cases, artificial methods may be used to dilate the cervix. This may be necessary if labor is not progressing naturally or if there is a medical condition that requires the cervix to be dilated. Artificial methods of dilation can include:

- Mechanical dilation: Instruments such as dilators or balloons are used to stretch the cervix open.

- Chemical dilation: Medications such as misoprostol or dinoprostone are used to soften and ripen the cervix.