Why do you experience cramps before and during your period?

Cramps, also known as menstrual pain or dysmenorrhea, are common symptoms experienced by many menstruating people. These cramps are usually felt in the lower abdomen and can range from mild to severe. Here's why you may experience cramps before and during your period:

1. Prostaglandins: Prostaglandins are hormone-like substances that are produced in the uterus and involved in menstruation's natural processes. High levels of prostaglandins can cause uterine contractions, which may lead to cramping and pain.

2. Uterine Contractions: During menstruation, the uterus contracts to shed the lining of the uterus (endometrium). These contractions are triggered by prostaglandins and can cause crampy sensations. Stronger contractions may result in more intense cramps.

3. Imbalance of Hormones: Hormonal fluctuations associated with the menstrual cycle, particularly the decrease in progesterone and increase in estrogen levels, can contribute to cramps. These changes can disrupt the balance in the uterus, potentially leading to discomfort and cramping.

4. Endometriosis: In some cases, more severe period pain may be due to underlying conditions, such as endometriosis. This condition occurs when tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside of the uterus, causing pain during menstruation and other symptoms.

5. Fibroids: While less common, the presence of uterine fibroids (non-cancerous growths in the uterus) may also cause or exacerbate menstrual cramps.

It's important to keep in mind that the severity and duration of cramps can vary from person to person and from one menstrual cycle to another. If your period pain is severe or significantly impacts your daily activities, consider consulting a healthcare professional to rule out any underlying medical conditions and discuss potential pain relief options.