What are the most common dental diseases?

1. Dental caries (tooth decay)

Dental caries is a preventable infectious disease that damages the teeth. It is caused by bacteria that form a biofilm (plaque) on the teeth and feed on the sugars in foods and drinks. The bacteria produce acids that dissolve the enamel of the teeth, creating cavities.

2. Periodontal disease (gum disease)

Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease of the gums and the bone that supports the teeth. It is caused by bacteria that form plaque on the teeth. Plaque that is not removed can harden into tartar, which irritates the gums and causes them to become red, swollen, and tender. If left untreated, periodontal disease can damage the bone that supports the teeth, causing them to become loose or even fall out.

3. Oral cancer

Oral cancer is a cancer of the mouth and throat. It can occur in the lips, tongue, cheeks, gums, floor of the mouth, and tonsils. Oral cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide, and it is the second most common cancer in India. The main risk factors for oral cancer are tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.

4. Tooth erosion

Tooth erosion is the wearing away of the enamel on the teeth. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including acid reflux, frequent vomiting, certain medications, and excessive consumption of sugary foods and drinks. Tooth erosion can lead to sensitivity, pain, and discoloration of the teeth.

5. Tooth sensitivity

Tooth sensitivity is a condition that causes pain when the teeth are exposed to certain stimuli, such as cold, heat, or sweet foods and drinks. Tooth sensitivity can be caused by a variety of factors, including damage to the enamel, gum recession, and certain dental procedures.

6. Dry mouth (xerostomia)

Dry mouth is a condition that occurs when the salivary glands do not produce enough saliva. Saliva is important for lubricating the mouth, protecting the teeth from decay, and helping with digestion. Dry mouth can be caused by a variety of factors, including medications, medical conditions, and radiation therapy.

7. Bad breath (halitosis)

Bad breath is a condition that is caused by a variety of factors, including poor oral hygiene, certain foods, medical conditions, and smoking. Bad breath can be a sign of a more serious underlying medical condition, so it is important to see a doctor if you have persistent bad breath.