Side Effects of Xerostomia

Xerostomia, or dry mouth, can be caused by multiple health-related factors. While it can cause a number of different dental, health or lifestyle side effects, xerostomia can be treated with a combination of medication and self-care techniques. Consult your doctor to create a care plan that addresses your specific side effects.

Significance

• Xerostomia, also known as dry mouth, occurs when the salivary glands produce little or no saliva. Xerostomia is not a disease but a result of other conditions. Xerostomia is most frequently a side effect of medication, with the Oral Cancer Foundation stating that over 400 commonly used medications can cause it. Radiation therapy or chemotherapy can also cause it. The most common diseases causing xerostomia are chronic systemic diseases, although stress, fear, anxiety or depression can also cause temporary dry mouth.

Saliva

• Xerostomia can cause side effects in your oral health. Because saliva regulates the acidity in the mouth, a lack of saliva can allow harmful bacteria or fungi to grow more quickly. Oral candidiasis, a fungal infection also known as thrush, can cause sores and irritations in the mouth. People using inhalers for asthma are at greater risk for thrush. The lack of saliva can lead to other infections, swollen or ulcerated mucous membranes or tongue and cracked and inflamed lips.

Dental Problems

• Because saliva helps to wash away food particles and regulates acidity in the mouth, xerostomia can also cause dental problems. People with xerostomia might have difficulty with dentures fitting correctly or causing ulcers. Cavities are more frequent because the lack of saliva allows plaque buildup and an increase in harmful bacteria. Xerostomia is also a cause of tooth loss and gum disease in 3 in 10 adults.

Lifestyle

• Patients with xerostomia can also have problems with food or communication. Dry or crumbly foods can become difficult to chew and swallow without the presence of saliva. Patients can have an increased need to drink water or other fluids and can experience hoarseness, a sore or burning throat, difficulty talking or halitosis (bad breath). Some patients also complain of an altered sense of taste.

Self-Care

• Patients can, with doctor or dentist guidance, establish a self-care program that allows them to manage their xerostomia side effects. Good dental hygiene, including regular brushing, fluoride rinses, flossing and examining the mouth for sores, can help prevent tooth decay and infection. Sugar-free gums and hard candies can also be used to stimulate saliva production, although sugary, astringent, acidic or caffeinated foods or beverages can make dry mouth worse. Seasoning food with herbs, spices or condiments can sometimes help patients overcome an altered sense of taste.

Treatment

• Over-the-counter and prescription medications are available to treat xerostomia. These options include preparations that simulate saliva as well as products that stimulate saliva production. Because these treatments might interact with your existing medications or be inappropriate in certain circumstances, consult your doctor or dentist before use.