What is dental caries and its cause?

Dental caries, commonly known as cavities or tooth decay, is a progressive destruction of the hard tissues of the teeth. It is caused by the action of acid-producing bacteria on the teeth, which leads to the demineralization and breakdown of the enamel and dentin.

Causes of Dental Caries:

1. Plaque: Plaque is a sticky film of bacteria that constantly forms on the teeth. When plaque is not removed regularly, it can build up and produce acids that attack the teeth.

2. Acidic Foods and Drinks: Consuming foods and beverages with high sugar content, such as candy, soda, and fruit juices, can create an acidic environment in the mouth, which can damage the teeth.

3. Poor Oral Hygiene: Inadequate brushing, flossing, and rinsing can leave areas of the teeth exposed to plaque and acids, increasing the risk of cavities.

4. Dry Mouth: Saliva helps to wash away plaque and neutralize acids in the mouth. Insufficient saliva production, known as dry mouth, can lead to an increased risk of caries.

5. Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes, can affect the body's ability to fight off oral bacteria, making individuals more susceptible to cavities.

6. Genetics: Some individuals may be more genetically prone to developing dental caries due to variations in their saliva composition or enamel structure.

To prevent cavities, it is essential to maintain good oral hygiene practices, such as brushing twice a day, flossing daily, and rinsing with an antibacterial mouthwash. Regular dental checkups and professional cleanings can help to detect and treat cavities early, preventing further damage to the teeth.