Why Are My Teeth Sensitive to Cold?

Pain when you consume certain foods, such as cold foods or drinks, is called teeth sensitivity. If you have this problem, consult your dentist for help in determining the actual cause of your pain.

Causes

• Often teeth are sensitive because of a cavity, but the American Dental Association notes that cracked teeth, exposed roots and enamel loss may also cause the pain. Enamel loss and exposed roots may result from incorrect brushing or over-brushing.

Structure

• Above the gum line, your teeth are protected by enamel. Below the gum line, cementum covers the roots of your teeth. These two layers are both especially dense to prevent food and other materials from touching the sensitive dentin beneath. Your tooth reacts to cold when exposed dentin conducts the sensation through small tubes to the tooth's nerves.

Treatment

• Treat your sensitive teeth at home through the use of desensitizing toothpaste with the American Dental Association seal of acceptance. Alternatively, your dentist may apply a topical treatment such as fluoride gel. If the problem persists, you may need a filling, crown, inlay or bonding. In some cases, you may need a root canal or surgical gum graft.