Type of Plastic in Dentures

If you have lost some or all of your permanent teeth for reasons that could include periodontal disease, tooth decay, mouth trauma, gum disease and congenital defects, then your dentist may fit you for dentures. Dentures are prosthetic fixtures -- or artificial replacements for your natural teeth -- designed to fit your mouth, and a cheaper alternative to dental implants. Denture technicians use several types of plastic in the manufacture of dentures.

Acetal

• Used in both partial -- for those who have lost a few teeth -- and full -- for those who have lost all of their teeth -- sets of dentures, acetal is valued for its strength. Acetal resists wear and fracturing and is very flexible. Acetal works well with both temporary and permanent dental prosthetics.

Polycarbonate

• Polycarbonate has a durability range comparable to that of acetal, but denture manufacturers use polycarbonate more because of its translucent properties. These translucent properties make it possible for polycarbonate to be kept polished and shiny, which makes this thermoplastic's application in dentures look appealing in a patient's mouth.

Pyroxylin

• One of the older plastics, pyroxylin dates back to the mid-1800's. Alexander Parkes, a British scientist, devised pyroxylin from cellulose as a synthetic form of ivory, which at the time was a prized by-product from elephants, rhinoceroses and whales. Pyroxylin is sold under the brand names Agalyn and Alcolite.

Phenolic

• Phenolic is an older plastic, dating back to 1909. Phenol combined with formaldehyde makes phenolic, which is malleable when heated, then sets when cooled. Phenolic is available under the brand names Aldenol and C-E 950.

Nylon

• Nylon retains its flexibility at room temperature more so than other plastics, so it appears much more frequently in partial dentures than it does in full sets. However, even with increased flexibility, nylon resists heat extremely well.