What structure increases surface area in our small intestines and why do you need them?

Structure: The structure that increases the surface area in our small intestines is called villi. Villi are finger-like projections that line the inner walls of the small intestine. They are covered in even smaller projections called microvilli, which further increase the surface area.

Why we need them:

1. Absorption: The primary function of the villi and microvilli is to increase the surface area of the small intestine, which is essential for the absorption of nutrients from digested food. The increased surface area allows for more contact between the intestinal lining and the nutrients, facilitating efficient absorption.

2. Digestion: The villi also aid in the process of digestion. They contain numerous enzymes that help break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats into smaller molecules, which can then be absorbed more easily. The enzymes are produced by cells within the villi and released into the intestinal lumen, where they can interact with the food particles.

3. Transport: Once the nutrients have been absorbed by the villi, they need to be transported to the bloodstream. The villi contain a network of blood vessels that allow for the efficient transport of absorbed nutrients to other parts of the body.

In summary, the villi and microvilli in our small intestines play a vital role in maximizing the absorption of nutrients from food. Their increased surface area enables efficient nutrient uptake, ensuring that the body receives the essential nutrients it needs to function properly.