The Effects of Plaque

Dental plaque is a film of bacteria that covers the teeth, developing out of the carbohydrates that you consume. Dental plaque thrives on these carbohydrates, eventually creating acids that can damage teeth over time. A balanced diet, brushing teeth at least twice per day and flossing at least once per day are all essential parts of reducing dental plaque. A regular dental checkup twice per year can also reduce your chances of developing side effects from plaque buildup.

Tooth Decay

• As you eat starchy foods, plaque and tartar can build up and lead to tooth decay and dental cavities. There may be visible indentations or marring of the teeth, or you may suffer toothaches as a result of tooth decay. Treatment usually includes fillings, crowns or root canals. If you suspect that you may have a cavity, visit your dentist immediately. Drink fluoridated water or use toothpastes or mouthwashes made with fluoride to prevent future instances of tooth decay.

Gingivitis

• Plaque that is not removed can lead to tartar, which builds up at the base of a tooth and aggravates the gum lining. Over time, gums become inflamed and infected, leading to gingivitis. Your gums may bleed, appear shiny or appear a bright red or purple-red if you have gingivitis. They may also be tender to the touch. Immediately beginning a good oral hygiene program and visiting your dentist for assistance can relieve gingivitis symptoms. Brush after every meal, if possible.

Periodontitis

• If gingivitis is left untreated, it eventually develops into periodontitis. Infection and inflammation spreads from the gums and into the ligaments and bones that support the teeth, leading to tooth loss. Early symptoms of periodontitis are similar to gingivitis symptoms, but bad breath odors will also be present. Patients with periodontitis should see a dentist more than twice per year. Surgery may be necessary, and teeth may need to be removed to protect surrounding teeth.

Tooth Abscess

• Plaque buildup and tooth decay can also lead to the development of a tooth abscess, which is an infectious pus buildup in the center of the tooth. Symptoms may include tooth sensitivity, bad breath, discomfort, fever, pain and swelling around the neck or upper and lower jaw. Antibiotics and pain relievers may be given to ease pain. Saltwater rinsing may provide relief from pain, but surgery and tooth removal may be necessary. A root canal may be able to save the tooth. A tooth abscess can lead to life-threatening complications, so it should be treated immediately.