What Forms Plaque on Teeth?

Maintaining good dental health requires the regular removal of the plaque that builds up on your teeth. A lack of regular care or improperly performed brushing and flossing can lead to anything from tooth decay to much more serious health problems. There are even dental products to help you see how well you brush and whether certain areas of your mouth are in need of more attention.

Basics

• Plaque is a sticky, colorless biofilm made up of bacteria and other microorganisms that forms between and on the surface of teeth. Supragingival plaque develops above the gum line while subgingival develops below the gum line on the roots of the tooth. Gingival plaque exists along the gum line. If left on the teeth the plaque will harden and turn into tartar, releasing acids that break down tooth enamel. Eventually decay will enter the tooth and cause cavities.

Stages of Growth

• Right after brushing, your teeth will remain clean for only a few minutes. As time passes glycoproteins from your saliva will attach to the surface of your teeth, with bacteria attaching to the proteins after about an hour. Over the next 24 hours the bacteria will multiply and form thicker layers on the teeth. Sugars and starches from food help create additional substances that keep the bacteria adhered to your teeth. If proper oral hygiene is observed, the masses will be broken up and the process starts over again. On any place where the plaque isn't removed, the mass will continue to grow.

Effects

• While decay and cavities are painful, unpleasant health issues, they are not the only result of leaving plaque unchecked. Since the substance accumulates beneath the gum line, your gum tissue can become inflamed. This inflammation leads to gingivitis and gum disease. Your gums may appear red or bleed if this is the case. Plaque that isn't treated for an extended period of time will cause structural damage to your teeth and the bone in your jaw that supports your teeth, even leading to other serious health complications.

Removal

• The best way to remove plaque from your teeth is to use a fluoride-based toothpaste and floss between your teeth daily. Some individuals may require routine cleanings from their dentist or special treatments for their gums and teeth. You can check how well you're brushing and flossing by using a product that stains the plaque in your mouth, making it visible. The stain is available in a disclosing tablet or solution and a small dental mirror will help to identify areas that require more attention or are not normally being covered through daily brushing.