Parts of Removable Partial Dentures

According to the University of Michigan, a partial denture is a dental prosthesis that restores one or more, but not all, of your natural teeth or associated parts. It is designed for easy removal without professional assistance and utilizes your natural teeth to support dental implants, crowns or other partial denture fixtures. Removable partial dentures are designed for both short- and long-term use and, according to the American Dental Association, are comprised of three main components: replacement teeth, a base and a metal framework.

Replacement Teeth

• Replacement teeth (artificial teeth) are the dental prostheses used to fit into the base of your removable partial dentures. They serve the same purposes as your natural teeth -- to help you eat, talk, chew and smile, according to the American Dental Association. Each tooth has a structured shape and can provide you with a more attractive smile than your natural teeth.

Base

• The base is the portion of your partial dentures that contains the replacement teeth. It is available in either metal or plastic form and rests on your gum line and metal framework foundation. Although the primary function of the base is to hold your replacement teeth in place, it also provides bracing and retention to help your natural teeth support your partial denture.

Metal Framework

• The metal framework contains a major connector, minor connector, direct retainer and an indirect retainer. The major connector connects the denture components located on one side of your oral arch to the components located on the opposite side. It unifies the partial denture structure, increases its functionality and helps keep it in place.

  The minor connector is the link between the major connector and the other units of the denture such as the clasp assembly or occlusal rests (parts of the denture that contact the posterior surface of your tooth). According to the Junior Dentist Glossary of Periodontal Terms, the minor connector joins the small components of the partial denture and contributes to its bracing and reciprocation functions.

  A direct retainer is attached to your natural teeth to support the removable partial denture. It contains a clasp assembly or precision attachment that helps the denture resist moving and dislodging from your teeth and gum line.

  The indirect retainer helps to prevent displacement of the denture base via a lever action on the clasp that connects the occlusal rests. It prevents your denture from pivoting when you eat sticky foods that can displace its bonding materials.