Chronic Periodontal Disease

Chronic periodontal disease, also called periodontitis, is one of several forms of gum disease.

Bacteria

• Chronic periodontal disease is caused by the presence of bacteria beneath the gumline. Plaque acts as a shelter for bacteria to grow beneath, so removing plaque can ease the symptoms and reverse the severity of chronic periodontitis.

Inflammation

• Bacteria cause the gums and connective tissue to become inflamed. Inflammation in turn causes damage to the tissue; bleeding and swelling often results. Pockets can form in the gums, which create another haven for bacteria to form. Pus may ooze from these pockets.

Receding Gums

• As connective tissues break down, the gums won't adhere to the teeth as well. This contributes to bacterial growth because it allows food and debris to get between the gums and teeth.

Teeth

• The teeth can begin to shift and become loose when the gums recede and connective tissues break down. The jaw bone can begin to lose density, which also leads to shifting and tooth loss as teeth aren't rooted as firmly into the bone.

Prevention/Solution

• To prevent chronic gum disease, good oral hygiene must be practiced. Professional cleanings and treatments are imperative. Quitting smoking also decreases the chance of developing periodontal disease as well as increasing the chances of reversing the disease once it has developed.