Definition of Apical Periodontitis

Apical periodontitis is a type of periodontal disease that presents itself as an inflammation in the area around the root of a tooth. This inflammation is usually one result of necrosis of the tooth's pulp chamber. The body's natural defenses react to neutralize foreign infection but the result is major tissue damage to the surrounding area. The dead neutrophils, or antibodies, along with the enzymes they released, result in the breakdown of tissue surrounding the root of the tooth and contribute greatly to the condition.
  1. Significance

    • Apical periodontitis is a serious condition and most authorities advise their patients to seek professional care as soon as possible. The first step in treating this condition is typically to drain the region surrounding the damaged tooth root in order to remove the source of the infection. Treatment with anti-infection agents such as chlorhexidine gluconate and calcium hydroxide may also have beneficial results.

    Time Frame

    • Some experts advocate delaying endondontic therapy to allow for the application of certain medications. Some studies indicate the application of calcium hydroxide at regular intervals over the course of a year may provide satisfactory nonsurgical results.

    Considerations

    • Antibiotic treatment is recommended for the treatment of progressive apical periodontitic infection. Studies indicate the proper application of certain anitbacterials may reduce inflammation and thereby promote improved healing of the surrounding area. It has been further noted that by reducing the inflammation and promoting healing, the use of antibiotics can help to reduce the patient's pain and discomfort.

    Theories/Speculation

    • Some recent studies indicate the polyphenols found in red wine have potent anti-inflammatory properties. Because these polyphenols reduce inflammation, it has been surmised that drinking a glass of red wine with dinner may actually help to prevent the progression of certain diseases of the gum that could lead to periodontitis.

    Size

    • It has been estimated that up to 80 percent of all Americans suffer from disease of the gum. People who smoke, take steroids, use oral contraceptives, or suffer from diabetes have a greater risk of serious or chronic gum disease. Although only 15 percent of adults between the ages of 21 and 50 are afflicted with periodontitis, that number climbs to 65 percent for people 50 and older. Regular dental checkups can help to detect and alleviate these problems before they progress to a serious state.

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