About Periapical Periodontitis

Periapical periodontitis is the inflammation of the tissue adjacent to the tip of the tooth's root, known as the periapical tissue. Symptoms can include pain, swelling, the loosening of teeth, redness and pockets, where the gum and bone recede from the tooth. Bacteria is known as the cause and if left unidentified and untreated, the patient can lose teeth.

Significance

• Periapical periodontitis is caused by plaque-forming bacteria in the mouth. When a patient doesn't regularly brush, floss and visit the dentist, the result can be the hardening of plaque, known as tartar. The tartar then begins to irritate and infect the gums, causing the disease. In its most severe cases, teeth loosen and fall out due to untreated symptoms. Other problems include severe gum redness, caused by agitated capillaries, and even an increased risk of coronary artery disease.

Types

• There are three types of periapical periodontitis-- general, unspecified, and acute. General is external, and acute is penetrating. The first stage of periodontitis is gingivitis, when the bacteria lodges itself between the tooth and gum, causing inflammation. In this early stage, it is still possible to reverse the detrimental effects through diligent brushing and flossing. If left untreated, the disease can advance, causing permanent gum, tooth and bone damage. Because the tissue holding the tooth to the bone is under threat, tooth loss in imminent.

Considerations

• There are several factors that contribute to periapical periodontitis, including tobacco products, diabetes, medications (such as steroids, anti-epilepsy drugs and cancer therapies, calcium blockers and birth control), improperly fitted bridgework, crooked teeth, defective fillings and pregnancy.

Misconceptions

• Periapical periodontitis is no minor ailment. Not only can poor oral health lead to tooth loss, but it can contribute to heart disease. The theory by some dentists is that bacteria in the mouth can find its way into the bloodstream, attaching to the fatty plaque of the heart's vessels, increasing the possibility of blood clots. Studies have even suggested that gum disease is linked to certain forms of cancer and stroke.

Prevention/Solution

• Brushing and flossing after each meal and scheduling professional dental cleanings twice a year are the best ways one can prevent periapical periodontitis. Floss before you brush, and if you don't know how to floss properly, use floss on a stick. When brishong, consider the bacteria that lives on your tongue and the roof of your mouth. Use a toothpaste that contains fluoride, and use an antimicrobial mouth rinse. Make sure to always get regular check-ups.