What are the major bacteria causing dental caries?

Dental caries (tooth decay) is primarily caused by acid-producing bacteria found in dental plaque. The major bacteria involved in tooth decay include:

Streptococcus mutans:

- One of the most significant bacteria in dental caries.

- Produces lactic acid from fermentable carbohydrates, leading to enamel erosion.

- Synthesizes glucans that help plaque stick to teeth.

Lactobacillus:

- Another critical player in dental decay.

- Converts dietary sugars into lactic acid, contributing to tooth damage.

Actinomyces:

- Found in deep carious lesions.

- Produces acids and promotes colonization of other acid-forming bacteria.

Bifidobacterium:

- Can contribute to caries development.

- Produces acids from carbohydrates.

Prevotella:

- Found in periodontal tissues and can be associated with caries.

- Acid-producing species can break down complex carbohydrates.

Fusobacterium:

- Involved in the formation of the biofilm on tooth surfaces.

- Some species can ferment carbohydrates and produce acids.

Porphyromonas:

- Usually associated with periodontal disease, but some species can be found in dental caries.

- Produces acids and protein-degrading enzymes.

These bacteria, especially S. mutans and Lactobacillus, thrive on sugars from foods and drinks. They ferment these carbohydrates, producing acids that progressively dissolve the tooth enamel, leading to the development of cavities.

Maintaining good oral hygiene, such as regular brushing and flossing, can help reduce the presence of these harmful bacteria and prevent tooth decay. Additionally, limiting the intake of sugary foods and drinks and visiting the dentist for regular check-ups and cleanings can further reduce the risk of developing dental caries.