What is CVM disease?

CVM disease, also known as canine vaginitis or vulvovaginitis, is a common health problem in female dogs that involves inflammation of the vulva and/or vagina. It can affect dogs of all ages and breeds, but it is more prevalent in unspayed females and those that are in heat.

Causes of CVM Disease:

- Bacterial infections: Bacteria such as Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. are commonly associated with CVM disease.

- Yeast infections: Overgrowth of Candida albicans, a type of yeast, can also cause inflammation and infection of the vulva and vagina.

- Viral infections: Certain viruses, including canine herpesvirus and canine distemper virus, can also lead to CVM disease.

- Hormonal imbalances: Changes in hormone levels, particularly during the estrus cycle, can make dogs more susceptible to developing CVM disease.

- Allergies and sensitivities: Some dogs may experience vulvovaginitis as a result of allergies to food, environmental allergens, or contact with irritants.

- Anatomical abnormalities: In rare cases, anatomical abnormalities, such as a narrow or malformed vaginal opening, can contribute to the development of CVM disease.

Symptoms of CVM Disease:

- Vulvar discharge: A common symptom is a discharge from the vulva that can be clear, cloudy, or mucopurulent (containing pus).

- Frequent licking or irritation of the vulva: Dogs may lick or scratch at their vulva to alleviate discomfort.

- Straining or difficulty urinating: Inflammation and swelling in the vulva and vagina can make urination uncomfortable or difficult for affected dogs.

- Redness, swelling, or inflammation of the vulva and/or vagina

- Bad odor: A foul-smelling odor may be present due to the discharge or infection.

- Scooting: Dogs may "scoot" their hindquarters on the ground in an attempt to relieve itching or irritation in the vulvar area.

If your dog is showing any of these symptoms, it is important to take her to a veterinarian for proper diagnosis and treatment. CVM disease can usually be managed with antibiotics, antifungals, or other medications to address the underlying cause of inflammation. Spaying a female dog can also help prevent future episodes of CVM disease.