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Human Gum Disease Information

Periodontal disease, frequently called gum disease, refers to chronic bacterial infections that target the gums, bones and tissue that support the teeth. Untreated, they can produce complications ranging from bad breath to lost teeth.

  1. Symptoms

    • Gum disease is often painless and without symptoms, which is why many people don't realize they have it. When present, signs include loose teeth, persistent bad breath and gums that are inflamed or bleed during brushing.

    Causes

    • Periodontal disease occurs when the sticky bacteria that forms plaque hardens and accumulates, producing spaces between the gums and teeth. As the pockets enlarge and the gums recede, nearby teeth loosen.

    Gingivitis

    • Gingivitis, the least severe type of gum disease, is painless and reversible with proper treatment. Typical symptoms include gums that are swollen and red and that bleed quickly.

    Periodontitis

    • Gingivitis progresses to periodontitis when not treated and plaque advances below the visible gum line. Bacteria then builds up, inflaming the gums and destroying the bones and tissue that hold the teeth in place.

    Prevention

    • To avoid gum disease, brush your teeth at least twice daily, floss daily, visit the dentist regularly for tooth cleaning, eat a nutritious diet and avoid or limit snacking.

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