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Theories of Calculus Deposition

Calculus, also known as tartar, is a hard yellow substance that builds up on the teeth and gums. It causes inflammation, which leads to gum diseases such as gingivitis and periodontitus. Calculus deposition, or the depositing of calculus on the teeth, cannot be removed by brushing. Removal of calculus requires a visit to a dental professional. Several theories exist as to the cause of calculus deposition.

  1. Plaque Accumulation

    • Calculus deposition is the accumulation of plaque, specifically mineral salts. Along with mineral salts plaque contains bacteria, calcium and phosphate salts. Plaque is a clear substance that adheres to teeth. If plaque accumulates on the teeth it is called supra-gingival calculus. When it builds up on the root surfaces it is sub-gingival calculus. You cannot have calculus without plaque. Not all plaque turns into calculus; several factors influence that process.

    Diet

    • One theory links diet to calculus deposition. Specifically a diet high in calcium leads to a high quantity of the mineral in saliva. Saliva in the mouth promotes plaque and high levels of calcium make the plaque harden into calculus. Another theory is sugar promotes the growth of bacteria. That bacteria leads to plaque and then to calculus.

    Smoking

    • Smoking is an activity linked to calculus deposition. It is a risk factor that makes the development of calculus more likely. Smoking also inhibits the healing process following treatment for the removal of calculus. Statistics compiled by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicate smoking is detrimental to teeth. Calculus deposits are just part of the problem. Smokers are more likely to lose teeth than nonsmokers.

    Stress/Genetics

    • Stress and genetics represent two factors that give an individual a greater propensity to accumulate calculus. Not all plaque turns into calculus; a person under stress, for example, is more likely to have calculus deposits. That may be due to a poor lifestyle, diet or lack of dental hygiene while stressed. Genetics also play a role; some people are predisposed to calculus deposits no matter how they attempt to keep their teeth clean while others do not have calculus despite poor hygiene.

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