What types of cartilages are found in the larynx?

There are several types of cartilages found in the larynx, also known as the voice box. Here are the main cartilages:

1. Thyroid Cartilage:

- The largest cartilage in the larynx.

- Forms the Adam's apple or laryngeal prominence in the neck, especially noticeable in males.

- Composed of two laminae that fuse together in the midline, forming a shield-like structure.

2. Cricoid Cartilage:

- Located just below the thyroid cartilage and forms a complete ring.

- Shaped like a signet ring, with a broad posterior lamina and a narrow anterior arch.

- Connects the trachea (windpipe) to the larynx.

3. Arytenoid Cartilages:

- Paired cartilages located on top of the cricoid cartilage.

- Pyramid-shaped with three surfaces (posterior, lateral, and medial).

- Play a crucial role in controlling the pitch of the voice by moving closer together or farther apart.

4. Corniculate Cartilages:

- Small, horn-shaped cartilages located on top of the arytenoid cartilages.

- Connect the arytenoid cartilages to the epiglottis.

5. Cuneiform Cartilages:

- Wedge-shaped cartilages that are embedded within the aryepiglottic folds, which connect the arytenoid cartilages to the epiglottis.

- Help to prevent food or liquids from entering the trachea during swallowing.

6. Epiglottis:

- Leaf-shaped cartilage located at the top of the larynx.

- Projects downward and covers the opening of the larynx during swallowing, preventing food or liquids from entering the trachea.

These cartilages, along with muscles, ligaments, and other structures, work together to produce sound and protect the airway during breathing and swallowing.