What happens if during root canal sinus cavity is punctured?

Perforation of the sinus during root canal treatment is a rare but serious complication that can lead to several consequences, including:

1. Infection: The sinus is a sterile environment, and any perforation can introduce bacteria and saliva, leading to infection. This can cause symptoms such as pain, swelling, fever, and discharge from the nose or mouth.

2. Communication between the root canal system and the sinus: The perforation creates a direct connection between the infected root canal system and the sinus, allowing bacteria and fluids to flow between the two. This can lead to persistent sinus infections and difficulty in treating the root canal infection.

3. Chronic sinusitis: Perforations that remain untreated can lead to chronic sinusitis, characterized by ongoing inflammation, congestion, and discharge from the nose.

4. Spread of infection: In severe cases, the infection can spread to other parts of the face, including the eyes, cheeks, and jaw, leading to more serious complications.

5. Need for additional treatment: Perforations usually require additional treatment beyond the initial root canal therapy. This may involve endodontic surgery, sinus grafting, or other specialized procedures to address the perforation and prevent further complications.

6. Potential damage to sinus structures: Perforations can cause damage to the delicate structures within the sinus, including blood vessels, nerves, and tissue. In severe cases, this damage can be permanent and lead to lasting symptoms or complications.

If a sinus perforation occurs during root canal treatment, it's crucial to seek prompt evaluation and management by an experienced endodontist or oral surgeon. Early intervention can help minimize the risk of infection and other complications, improving the chances of successful treatment and recovery.