What problems are caused by irrigation?

Salinization and alkalization: Irrigation can raise the water table, leading to the accumulation of salts in the soil. This process, known as salinization, can damage crops and make the soil less productive. Alkalization is another problem that can occur with irrigation, which is when the soil becomes too alkaline for plants to grow.

Waterlogging: When irrigation is excessive, it can lead to waterlogging, which is when the soil becomes saturated with water. This can reduce the availability of oxygen to the roots of plants, leading to stunted growth and reduced yields.

Nutrient leaching: Irrigation can also lead to the leaching of nutrients from the soil. This is when water washes away nutrients that are essential for plant growth, making the soil less fertile.

Erosion: Irrigation can also cause erosion, which is when soil is washed away by water. This can damage crops and make the soil less productive.

Increased disease incidence: Irrigation can also lead to an increased incidence of disease in crops. This is because water can provide a favourable environment for the growth of fungi and bacteria that cause disease.

Pollution: Irrigation can also pollute water sources. This is because the water used for irrigation can contain fertilizers, pesticides, and other contaminants that can run off into rivers, lakes, and streams.