What happens when your teeth are decay?

Tooth decay, also known as cavities or caries, is a common problem that occurs when bacteria in the mouth convert sugars from food into acids that attack the teeth. The acids dissolve the tooth's enamel, causing holes called cavities. If left untreated, cavities can become larger and deeper, leading to pain and infection.

Here's a detailed breakdown of what happens when your teeth decay:

1. Plaque Formation:

Plaque is a sticky film that forms on the teeth and consists of bacteria, food particles, and saliva. When you eat sugary foods or drinks, the bacteria in plaque feed on the sugars and produce acids as a waste product.

2. Acid Attack:

The acids produced by the bacteria in plaque start to dissolve the tooth's enamel, which is the hard, outer layer of the teeth. This process is called demineralization.

3. Cavity Formation:

As the acids continue to dissolve the enamel, a small opening or hole develops in the tooth. This is known as a cavity or caries.

4. Deeper Decay:

If the cavity is not treated, the bacteria and decay can continue to penetrate deeper into the tooth, affecting the dentin, which is the layer beneath the enamel. The dentin is softer than the enamel and decays more rapidly.

5. Pulp Infection:

As the decay reaches the pulp, the soft tissue at the center of the tooth, it causes inflammation and infection. This can lead to severe toothache and sensitivity to hot and cold.

6. Abscess Formation:

In severe cases, the infection can spread beyond the pulp and cause an abscess, which is a pus-filled pocket at the tip of the tooth's root. An abscess can cause swelling, pain, fever, and difficulty swallowing.

7. Root Canal Treatment or Extraction:

If the decay has reached the pulp or caused an abscess, root canal treatment or tooth extraction may be necessary to remove the infected tissue and save the tooth. Root canal treatment involves removing the infected pulp and filling the root canal space, while extraction is the complete removal of the tooth.

Preventing tooth decay is crucial for maintaining oral health. Regular brushing and flossing, limiting sugary foods and drinks, and visiting the dentist for check-ups and cleanings can help prevent cavities and keep your teeth healthy and strong.