Why is peroxide used in teeth whitening?

Hydrogen peroxide is commonly used as a teeth whitening agent due to its oxidizing properties. Here's why it's effective in this application:

1. Staining Mechanism: Teeth can become stained due to various factors such as food, beverages (coffee, tea, red wine), tobacco use, or medications. These substances penetrate the pores in the enamel and dentin, causing discoloration.

2. Oxidation Reaction: Hydrogen peroxide acts as an oxidizing agent. When applied to the teeth, it breaks down into water and releases free oxygen molecules. These oxygen molecules penetrate the enamel and dentin, reaching the stained molecules.

3. Color Change: The free oxygen molecules generated by hydrogen peroxide react with the pigments and color molecules that cause stains. This oxidation process alters the molecular structure of these stains, breaking them down into smaller, colorless molecules.

4. Whitening Effect: As the pigments are broken down and the color molecules are removed, the teeth become gradually whiter. Hydrogen peroxide helps to lighten and brighten the overall appearance of the teeth.

It's important to note that the concentration and method of application of hydrogen peroxide in teeth whitening products may vary. Some teeth whitening products contain higher concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and are intended for professional use by dentists, while others are sold as over-the-counter products with lower hydrogen peroxide levels for home use.

Using hydrogen peroxide for teeth whitening should be done with caution and under the guidance of a dental professional to ensure proper usage and minimize potential risks to teeth and gums.