What is demineralization of a tooth?

Demineralization of a tooth, also known as dental erosion, refers to the process where the minerals in the tooth enamel gradually dissolve away, making it susceptible to decay. It occurs when the pH level in the mouth drops below 5.5, allowing acids to attack the tooth's surface.

Demineralization commonly results from several factors, including:

Acidic Food and Drinks: Consuming acidic foods and beverages frequently, such as sugary drinks, citrus fruits, or sports drinks, can erode tooth enamel.

Poor Oral Hygiene: Inadequate or improper brushing and flossing can leave plaque and bacteria on the teeth, producing acids that lead to demineralization.

Acid Reflux: Chronic acid reflux or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which causes stomach acids to flow back into the mouth, can result in tooth demineralization.

Dry Mouth: Saliva helps neutralize acids in the mouth and prevent demineralization, but certain conditions, such as Sjogren's syndrome or side effects of medications, can lead to a dry mouth and increase the risk of mineral loss from teeth.

Medical Conditions and Medications: Certain medical conditions and medications, like bulimia or chemotherapy drugs, can expose teeth to acidic substances and contribute to demineralization.

Early Stages: In its early stages, demineralization can present as white or chalky spots on the tooth surface, a condition known as "white spot lesions." These spots may be reversible with proper oral hygiene and preventive measures.

Advanced Stages: If left untreated, demineralization can progress, causing the enamel to become weaker and more susceptible to cavities. It may lead to tooth decay, sensitivity, and discoloration.

To prevent demineralization and maintain healthy teeth, it's essential to practice good oral hygiene, limit acidic food and drink consumption, and visit your dentist regularly for preventive care and advice.