What Is Aspergillosis?

Aspergillosis is an infection caused by a type of mold called Aspergillus. Aspergillus is found in the environment, both indoors and outdoors. Most people who breathe in Aspergillus spores do not become sick. However, people who have weakened immune systems are at risk of developing aspergillosis.

There are several types of aspergillosis, including:

* Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA): This type of aspergillosis occurs in people who have asthma or other lung diseases. ABPA can cause wheezing, coughing, and fever.

* Aspergilloma: This type of aspergillosis occurs when a fungus ball forms in a lung cavity. Aspergillomas can cause coughing, chest pain, and shortness of breath.

* Invasive aspergillosis: This type of aspergillosis is the most serious form of the infection. Invasive aspergillosis can affect the lungs, brain, heart, and other organs. Invasive aspergillosis is often fatal.

Aspergillosis is treated with antifungal medications. Treatment is usually successful if the infection is diagnosed early.

Symptoms of Aspergillosis

The symptoms of aspergillosis can vary depending on the type of infection. Some of the most common symptoms of aspergillosis include:

* Wheezing

* Coughing

* Chest pain

* Shortness of breath

* Fever

* Chills

* Weight loss

* Fatigue

Risk Factors for Aspergillosis

People who are at risk of developing aspergillosis include:

* People with weakened immune systems, such as those with cancer, HIV/AIDS, or diabetes

* People who have undergone organ transplantation

* People who have chronic lung diseases, such as asthma or COPD

* People who have been exposed to large amounts of Aspergillus spores

Diagnosis of Aspergillosis

Aspergillosis can be diagnosed with a variety of tests, including:

* Blood tests: Blood tests can detect antibodies to Aspergillus.

* Skin tests: Skin tests can be used to determine if a person is allergic to Aspergillus.

* X-rays: X-rays can show signs of aspergillosis in the lungs.

* CT scans: CT scans can provide more detailed images of the lungs and other organs that may be affected by aspergillosis.

* Bronchoscopy: A bronchoscopy is a procedure in which a thin, flexible tube is inserted into the lungs to collect samples of tissue and fluid.

* Biopsy: A biopsy is a procedure in which a small sample of tissue is removed from the lungs and examined under a microscope.

Treatment of Aspergillosis

Aspergillosis is treated with antifungal medications. The most commonly used antifungal medications for aspergillosis include:

* Voriconazole

* Itraconazole

* Amphotericin B

* Caspofungin

* Micafungin

Treatment is usually successful if the infection is diagnosed early. However, invasive aspergillosis is often fatal.

Prevention of Aspergillosis

There is no sure way to prevent aspergillosis. However, people who are at risk of developing aspergillosis can take steps to reduce their risk, including:

* Avoiding contact with large amounts of Aspergillus spores

* Wearing a face mask when working in dusty areas

* Taking antifungal medications if they are prescribed by a doctor

Prognosis of Aspergillosis

The prognosis of aspergillosis depends on the type of infection and the person's overall health. ABPA and aspergillomas are usually treatable with antifungal medications. Invasive aspergillosis is often fatal.