What is the periodontitis?
Periodontitis refers to a complex of inflammatory conditions affecting the tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth. It is more commonly known as gum disease. Periodontitis is characterized by the destruction of the soft tissue and bone that support the teeth, leading to tooth mobility and eventual loss.
Periodontitis is primarily caused by bacterial infection, particularly by certain types of bacteria that form a sticky biofilm on the teeth and irritate the gums. The bacteria produce toxins that break down the connective tissue and bone supporting the teeth. Over time, the gums recede, forming pockets around the teeth, and the supporting bone is destroyed, leading to tooth loss.
There are various risk factors associated with periodontitis, including:
- Poor oral hygiene: Inadequate brushing and flossing can allow bacteria to accumulate and form plaque, which can progress to periodontitis.
- Smoking: Smoking significantly increases the risk of periodontitis and makes it more severe.
- Diabetes: People with diabetes are more prone to developing and experiencing severe periodontitis.
- Certain medications: Some drugs, such as steroids, birth control pills, and certain chemotherapy drugs, can affect gum health.
- Genetics: Some individuals are genetically more susceptible to developing periodontitis.
- Hormonal changes: Hormonal changes during pregnancy and menopause can affect the gums and make them more vulnerable to infection.
- Medical conditions: Certain systemic diseases like HIV, Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and blood disorders can increase the risk of periodontitis.
Periodontitis can range from mild to severe and may initially manifest with symptoms like:
- Red, swollen, and bleeding gums
- Receding gums
- Gum pockets
- Loose or separating teeth
- Sensitivity to hot or cold foods
- Persistent bad breath (halitosis)
- Pus discharge between the gums and teeth
As periodontitis advances, additional symptoms can include significant tooth mobility, changes in the position or alignment of teeth, and severe pain or discomfort.
Treatment for periodontitis involves professional dental cleaning and scaling to remove plaque and bacteria below the gum line, addressing any underlying risk factors, and potentially periodontal surgery in severe cases. Regular dental check-ups, good oral hygiene practices, and lifestyle modifications can help prevent or control periodontitis and maintain healthy gums.