What is backache?
Backache, also called lower back pain, refers to pain felt in the lower back region. It can range from a dull, aching pain to a sharp, stabbing pain. Backache is a common problem that affects people of all ages, and is the second most common reason for doctor visits (after the common cold).
Causes of backache
There are many different causes of backache, but some of the most common include:
* Muscle strain: This is the most common cause of backache. It can occur when you lift something heavy improperly, twist your back awkwardly, or sit in an uncomfortable position for too long.
* Herniated disk: This occurs when the soft, inner material of a spinal disk leaks out and puts pressure on a nerve. This can cause pain, numbness, and tingling in the back, buttocks, and legs.
* Spinal stenosis: This is a narrowing of the spinal canal, which can put pressure on the spinal cord and nerves. It can cause pain, numbness, and tingling in the back, buttocks, and legs.
* Osteoarthritis: This is a degenerative joint disease that can affect the spine. It can cause pain, stiffness, and swelling in the back.
* Fibromyalgia: This is a chronic condition that causes widespread pain and stiffness in the muscles, joints, and tendons. It can also cause fatigue and sleep problems.
* Sciatica: This is a condition that occurs when the sciatic nerve, which runs from the lower back down the leg, is irritated or compressed. It can cause pain, numbness, and tingling in the back, buttocks, and legs.
Risk factors for backache
There are several factors that can increase your risk of developing backache, including:
* Age: Backache is more common as people get older.
* Weight: Being overweight or obese can put extra strain on the back.
* Occupation: Jobs that require heavy lifting or repetitive bending and twisting can increase the risk of backache.
* Sedentary lifestyle: People who don't get regular exercise are more likely to develop backache.
* Smoking: Smoking can damage the disks in the spine, making them more likely to herniate.
* Family history: People with a family history of backache are more likely to develop the condition.
Symptoms of backache
The symptoms of backache can vary depending on the cause. Some of the most common symptoms include:
* Pain in the lower back
* Stiffness in the lower back
* Muscle spasms in the lower back
* Pain that radiates down one or both legs
* Numbness or tingling in the lower back, buttocks, or legs
* Weakness in the lower back or legs
* Difficulty walking or standing
* Loss of bladder or bowel control
Diagnosis of backache
The diagnosis of backache usually involves a physical examination and a medical history. Your doctor may also order imaging tests, such as an X-ray or MRI, to help determine the cause of your pain.
Treatment for backache
The treatment for backache depends on the cause. Some common treatments include:
* Rest: Bed rest may be recommended for severe back pain.
* Pain medication: Over-the-counter or prescription pain relievers can help to relieve pain.
* Physical therapy: Physical therapy can help to strengthen the muscles around the spine and improve flexibility.
* Surgery: Surgery may be necessary for some cases of backache, such as a herniated disk or spinal stenosis.
Prevention of backache
There are several things you can do to help prevent backache, including:
* Maintain a healthy weight: Being overweight or obese can put extra strain on the back.
* Get regular exercise: Exercise can help to strengthen the muscles around the spine and improve flexibility.
* Lift objects properly: Bend your knees and use your leg muscles when lifting heavy objects. Avoid twisting your back.
* Sit up straight: When sitting, make sure your back is straight and your feet are flat on the floor.
* Use a firm mattress: A firm mattress can help to support the spine.
* Stop smoking: Smoking can damage the disks in the spine, making them more likely to herniate.
When to see a doctor
See your doctor if you have back pain that is severe or does not improve with home treatment. See a doctor immediately if you have back pain along with any of the following symptoms:
* Numbness or tingling in the lower back, buttocks, or legs
* Weakness in the lower back or legs
* Difficulty walking or standing
* Loss of bladder or bowel control