Insulin-dependent diabetics depend upon what microorganisms?

Insulin-dependent diabetics depend upon certain strains of bacteria or yeast that produce human insulin. These microorganisms are genetically modified to produce insulin, and when introduced into the body, they secrete the hormone into the bloodstream. The genetically engineered microorganisms act as "insulin factories" within the body, providing a continuous source of insulin to manage blood sugar levels. Examples of microorganisms used for insulin production include strains of Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Pichia pastoris.