Low-Potassium What to

Low-potassium (Hypokalemia) is a condition in which the blood potassium level is below the normal range.

Normal potassium levels are between 3.5 and 5.0 millimoles per liter (mmol/L). Potassium levels below 3.5 mmol/L are considered low.

Potassium is a mineral that is essential for many bodily functions, including:

- Regulating the heart rate

- Maintaining the proper balance of fluids in the body

- Controlling muscle contractions

- Helping to transmit nerve impulses

- Promoting wound healing

Low-potassium can be caused by a number of factors, including:

- Diarrhea and vomiting: These conditions can cause the body to lose potassium and fluids.

- Dehydration: Not drinking enough fluids can lead to low-potassium.

- Certain medications: Some medications, such as diuretics (water pills) and corticosteroids, can cause low-potassium.

- Kidney disease: Kidney disease can affect the body's ability to regulate potassium levels.

- Diabetes: Diabetes can lead to low-potassium, especially if it is not well-controlled.

Low-potassium can cause a number of symptoms, including:

- Muscle weakness and cramps

- Fatigue

- Nausea

- Vomiting

- Diarrhea

- Constipation

- Irregular heart rate

- Shortness of breath

- Confusion

- Paralysis

Low-potassium Treatment:

Treatment for low-potassium depends on the severity of the condition and the underlying cause. Treatment may include:

- Oral potassium supplements: These supplements are available over-the-counter or by prescription.

- Intravenous (IV) potassium: This may be necessary if the potassium level is very low.

- Medications: Certain medications, such as potassium-sparing diuretics, can help to increase potassium levels.

- Dietary changes: Eating a diet rich in potassium-rich foods, such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, can help to maintain normal potassium levels.

Prevention of Low-Potassium:

The best way to prevent low-potassium is to eat a healthy diet that includes plenty of potassium-rich foods. Here are some tips for preventing low-potassium:

- Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables, especially bananas, oranges, cantaloupe, honeydew melon, potatoes, and spinach.

- Choose whole grains over refined grains.

- Limit processed foods, as they are often low in potassium.

- Drink plenty of fluids, especially during hot weather or when exercising.

- Avoid excessive vomiting and diarrhea.

- Talk to your doctor if you take medications that can cause low-potassium.

When to Call the Doctor:

Call the doctor right away if you have symptoms of low-potassium, such as muscle weakness, cramps, fatigue, nausea, or vomiting.