Can the gluten protein that causes celiac disease break down either by chemical or heat?

Chemical breakdown: No. The gluten protein that causes celiac disease, known as gliadin, is resistant to chemical breakdown. It is not easily broken down by stomach acids or digestive enzymes, which is why it can pass through the small intestine and reach the lower parts of the digestive system, where it can cause inflammation and damage to the intestinal lining.

Heat breakdown: Yes. While gliadin is resistant to chemical breakdown, it is susceptible to heat. Heating food containing gluten to a sufficiently high temperature can denature the gliadin protein, making it harmless for individuals with celiac disease. Cooking methods that involve high heat, such as boiling, baking, or frying, are effective in breaking down gluten and making food safe for consumption by people with celiac disease. However, it's important to note that the temperature and duration of heating should be carefully controlled to ensure complete denaturation of the gliadin protein.

It is important for people with celiac disease to follow a strict gluten-free diet, avoiding foods that contain gluten or may have come into contact with gluten during production or preparation, regardless of cooking method. This includes not only avoiding foods containing wheat, barley, and rye, but also being cautious with other grains and ingredients that may contain hidden sources of gluten.