What is polycythemia vera?

Polycythemia vera (PV) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm, a type of cancer that starts in the bone marrow. It is characterized by an increased production of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. This can lead to a number of symptoms, including fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, headaches, and visual disturbances. PV is a chronic condition, but it can be managed with treatment.

The exact cause of PV is unknown, but it is thought to be caused by a mutation in the JAK2 gene. This mutation leads to the overproduction of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. PV is more common in men than women, and it typically occurs in people over the age of 60.

The symptoms of PV can vary depending on the severity of the condition. Some people may only experience mild symptoms, while others may have more severe symptoms. Common symptoms of PV include:

* Fatigue

* Weakness

* Shortness of breath

* Headaches

* Visual disturbances

* Dizziness

* Lightheadedness

* Chest pain

* Abdominal pain

* Nausea

* Vomiting

* Diarrhea

* Weight loss

PV can also lead to a number of complications, including:

* Blood clots

* Stroke

* Heart attack

* Kidney failure

* Liver failure

* Splenomegaly (enlarged spleen)

* Hepatomegaly (enlarged liver)

* Gastric ulcers

* Peptic ulcers

* Skin ulcers

PV is diagnosed with a blood test that measures the levels of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. A bone marrow biopsy may also be performed to confirm the diagnosis.

PV is a chronic condition, but it can be managed with treatment. Treatment options include:

* Phlebotomy (bloodletting)

* Hydroxyurea

* Interferon

* Ruxolitinib

* Anagrelide

The goal of treatment is to reduce the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets in the blood and to prevent complications.