Potassium Deficiencies in Humans

Potassium is an important nutrient and electrolyte, regulated by the kidneys, that enables critical cell functions such as nerve transmissions and muscle contractions. Potassium deficiency can be caused by a high-salt diet, fluid loss or kidney trouble. It also could be a reaction to a prescription drug or medical treatment. Chronic low potassium can lead to serious issues such as hypertension, stroke and osteoporosis.

Causes

• Kidney problems, cancer treatments and drug interactions all can inhibit the body's ability to access ingested potassium. More commonly, fluid loss through vomiting, diarrhea, diuretics or profuse sweating simply flushes potassium from the body.

Sodium

• Sodium is potassium's partner in enabling cell activity, and the two nutrients should be present in the body in roughly equal amounts. High-salt diets can upset that balance by introducing excess sodium into the body.

Problems

• Because potassium is regulated by the kidneys, kidney problems and potassium deficiencies often occur together. Low potassium can affect functions of the heart muscle, leading to high blood pressure and stroke. Chronic low potassium can cause osteoporosis and affect memory and thinking skills.

Warnings

• Low potassium can cause heart palpitations, muscle weakness, abdominal cramps and fatigue. Although these individual symptoms might appear mild, experiencing them together can signal a serious problem.

Supplements

• If you are on any sort of prescription drug, consult with your physician before taking a potassium supplement, because too much potassium can damage the kidneys.

Diet

• Unsalted nuts, low-sodium tomato juice and pasta sauce, milk, yogurt, citrus fruits, potatoes and bananas are good sources of potassium. Electrolyte-enhanced drinks can replace potassium excreted during fluid loss.