Treatments for High Potassium Levels

Potassium is an electrolyte that is essential for the proper functioning of the nerve, circulatory, muscle and digestive systems. Potassium and sodium are used by the body in what is known as the sodium-potassium pump, which moves these electrolytes into and out of cells. The balance of potassium in the body is delicate and an overdose can be fatal. Treatments for high potassium levels vary depending on the severity of the condition.

Symptoms

• Recognizing symptoms brought on by high levels of potassium in the blood is the first step toward identifying the best treatment. Symptoms can include nausea, fatigue, muscle weakness or tingling in the extremities and tongue. High potassium levels can can also cause confusion, shallow breathing, seizure or convulsions, heavy feeling in your arms or legs, or feeling faint. Symptoms might not be experienced until the levels are already dangerously high. As potassium levels continue to increase, it can cause uneven or slow heartbeat, paralysis and in extreme cases, stop the heart. Levels this high require acute treatment in a hospital. Once the potassium levels have been stabilized, long-term treatment can begin.

Acute Treatment

• Treatment at the hospital can include the use of insulin, beta agonists or sodium bicarbonate, all of which promote the movement of potassium from the blood back into the cells. Diuretics can be given to help the kidneys excrete potassium, and binding resins such as Kayexalate can help help the digestive system with the exchange of potassium and sodium. Dialysis can also help filter potassium from the blood, especially if the kidneys are not working correctly.

Long-term Treatment

• Long-term treatment usually involves treatment of the underlying health problems that caused potassium levels to rise. This could involve the kidneys because they are the primary method the body uses to filter potassium from the blood. Any medications that promote potassium retention are discontinued. These include ACE inhibitors, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and diuretics such as Aldactone, Bactrim or Dyrenium. A diet designed to reduce potassium intake might be required. This will regulate high-potassium foods such as bananas, avocados, lentils, peaches, potatoes, tomatoes, watermelon and salmon. Medications such as diuretics that help the body excrete potassium can also be used.